Sunday, December 23, 2012

Megatron sets mega-record

Redskins' Hall fights through the block of Cowboys' Phillips as he tackles Murray during their NFL football game in LandoverReuters

With 32 more games in the regular season, the playoff picture is coming into focus ? but in some cases that focus is blurry enough that you need to squint.

So if you?re having trouble keeping all the scenarios straight, we?re here to help.

Below we list every team that?s still in playoff contention, where they stand in the playoff order, and how their paths to the playoffs look over the final two weeks of the season.

AFC

Already clinched playoff berths

1. Texans: Clinch home-field advantage throughout the playoffs if they win one more game.

2. Broncos: Clinch a first-round playoff bye if they win out.

3. Patriots: Clinch the No. 3 seed if they win out, need help to get a first-round playoff bye.

4. Ravens: Clinch the AFC North with one more win.

Control their own destiny

5. Colts: Clinch a wild card with one more win.

6. Bengals: Clinch a playoff berth with a win over the Steelers on Sunday.

7. Steelers: Clinch a playoff berth with two more wins.

Need a lot of help

8. Dolphins: Can reach the playoffs if they beat the Bills and Patriots, and the Steelers beat the Bengals but lose to the Browns, and the Bengals lose to the Ravens in addition to losing to the Steelers, and the Jets lose at least one more game.

NFC

Already clinched playoff berths

1. Falcons: Clinch home-field advantage throughout the NFC playoffs with one more win.

2. 49ers: Clinch a first-round playoff bye with two more wins.

3. Packers: Clinch the No. 3 seed if they win out, need help to get a first-round playoff bye.

Control their own destiny

4. Redskins: Clinch the NFC East if they win out.

5. Seahawks: Clinch a wild card if they win one more game.

6. Cowboys: Currently behind the Vikings in the NFC, but clinch the NFC East if they win out.

7. Giants: Currently behind the Vikings in the NFC, but clinch a playoff berth if they win out.

Need some help

8. Vikings: Would be a wild card if the playoffs started today, but even if they win out they need either the Giants to lose once or the Seahawks to lose twice in order to make the playoffs.

9. Bears: Can reach the playoffs by winning out and having both the Giants and Vikings lose once, or either the Giants or Vikings lose once plus the Seahawks losing twice, or a couple of more complex scenarios. Basically, the Bears lose most tiebreakers and therefore will likely need to finish 10-6 while the other NFC wild card hopefuls finish 9-7.

Need a lot of help

10. Rams: Technically still alive but would need to win both remaining games while the Vikings, Bears and Giants all lose out, plus either the Redskins or Cowboys lose in Week 16 and then the team that loses in Week 16 wins the Week 17 Cowboys-Redskins game.

And there you have it. A Rams-Dolphins Super Bowl is still possible.

Source: http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/12/22/jerry-rices-single-season-record-falls-to-calvin-johnson/related/

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Ho Ho Holy Discount: Vatican tax-free store busy

VATICAN CITY (AP) ? Anyone left on your Christmas list just aching for a 65-inch Samsung 3D flat-screen television? Just your luck. The Vatican's duty-free department store has one on sale for ?2,899 ($3,840) ? a nifty savings over the ?3,799 ($5,032) it costs at Italy's main electronics chain Euronics.

Or how about some new luggage for the holidays? The Vatican shop stocks a variety of Samsonite Cordoba Duo carry-ons for ?123, a nice markdown from the ?135 on the Samsonite website. But if a last-minute shopping splurge is in order, the Vatican can also oblige: Take this leather-bound travelling trunk from Florence's "The Bridge" leatherworks, with its five drawers, plaid interior, six wooden hangars and shiny brass buckles.

At ?5,900, it comes with a matching leather golf club bag, just what every monsignor needs under his Christmas tree.

There's a little-known open secret in the Vatican gardens, a few paces behind St. Peter's Basilica and tucked inside the Vatican's old train station: a sprawling, three-story tax-free department store that rivals any airport duty free or military PX, stocking everything from Church's custom grade shoes (?483 a pair) to Baume et Mercier watches (ladies ?1,585, men's Capeland ?5,000).

There's a hitch, however. It's not open to the public, only to Vatican citizens, employees and their dependents, diplomats accredited to the Holy See and (unofficially) their lucky friends who, after stocking up on holiday must-haves, proceed to the checkout with their Vatican connection and the ID card that entitles them to shop there.

To be sure, Rome is no stranger to tax-free shopping. Embassies, nearby military bases and the U.N. food agencies all have commissaries for their employees, where imports of everything from American ice cream to French wine can be had minus the 21 percent sales tax included in list prices in Italy.

The Vatican has that and more, given that it's its own sovereign state ? the world's smallest ? operating in central Rome. At 44 hectares (110 acres), the Vatican city state is the physical home of the Holy See: the pope and governing structure and administration of the Catholic Church.

The Vatican Museum, with its main draw the Sistine Chapel, is the main profit-making enterprise of the Vatican city state, bringing in ?91.3 million in revenue last year alone. But other smaller entrepreneurial endeavors boost the Vatican's coffers as well, including the department store, the tax-free gas station, the stamp and coin collecting office, the Vatican pharmacy and its supermarket.

And in these days of austerity, their profits and bottom line are ever more important to the Vatican.

The Vatican is entitled to run such tax-free enterprises inside its walls based on the Lateran Treaty, the 1929 pact that regularized and regulates the Vatican's relations with Italy. But those regulations also limit the Vatican's customer base, lest all of Rome descend on the supermarket to stock up on Gordon's Gin (?8.50 a liter compared to the ?15 it can run in liquor stores) or Montecristo No. 3 Cuban cigars (box of 25 ?84 ($110.95) compared to $164.95 on www.bestcigarprices.com). About 4,700 people are employed by the Holy See and the Vatican city state; the Vatican's diplomatic corps ? the Holy See has relations with some 175 countries ? adds another chunk to the customer base.

Few people outside Rome know the department store exists ? there's no evidence of it on any Vatican website, no photos of its wares, no advertising outside the Vatican walls. Those who do know it exists seem to want to pretend it doesn't since the high-end luxury items on sale aren't necessarily in tune with either the sobriety or the salaries of the Vatican rank-and-file.

In fact, on a recent Thursday morning, nary a collar nor religious habit was in sight as ordinary lay folk milled around the spacious store during December's "extraordinary opening hours" ? extended to accommodate bargain-hunting Christmas shoppers who were rewarded with a wine tasting in the central atrium and piles of Brooks Brothers non-iron shirts and Burbury backpacks to choose from.

"More than the prices, it's the material," said Luciano, a bulky Roman who refused to give his last name as he shopped for an overcoat with his wife and an obliging Vatican friend waiting at checkout. "This one I don't like ? I look like a priest," he muttered as he put the navy blue trench coat back on a hangar.

Cardinal Edmund Szoka, the American who sought to bring some order into the Vatican's finances as head of the Vatican city state, is credited with having made the department store what it is today, moving it into the Vatican's underused train station, a miniature version of Washington's Union station with a sweeping double staircase and glass-front window that frames the dome of St. Peter's a few meters (yards) away.

Szoka said he moved it from the basement of the Vatican government building to the train station for more space, since the station wasn't used anymore for passengers and provided the perfect, airy open space that a shop of its kind would require.

"Our principal motivation in changing the train station building into a department store was mainly for the convenience of our employees, as well as for those who could come into the Vatican and shop there," he said in an email from his home in Michigan. "Naturally, we expected a profit, but that was not the primary motivation."

Szoka retired in 2006, well before the global economic crisis hit. The current leadership of the "Governorato" as the city state administration is called, recently asked all department heads to come up with cost-saving or profit-making initiatives to help the Vatican get through the tough times.

"Any good administrator wants to save what can be saved," said Monsignor Giuseppe Sciacca, the governorato's No. 2. "It seems obvious, necessary."

The Philatelic and Numismatic Office, for example, recently started selling a special limited-edition stamp to help pay for the ?14 million restoration of the Bernini colonnade in St. Peter's Square after corporate sponsorship dried up amid the recession.

Vatican Radio announced in July it would be saving "hundreds of thousands of euros" in energy costs by stopping short -and -medium-wave broadcasts to Europe and the Americas, using other technologies instead.

Perhaps even more than the department store, the Vatican supermarket is a much-sought after perk for Vatican employees, and a boost to the Vatican's bottom line. And at Christmastime, it is as jammed as the department store, with lines snaking through the store and cars taking up valuable parking spaces inside Vatican City as shoppers pile their carts high with panettone, the traditional Italian Christmas cake which is the di riguer gift for Italian holiday parties. Panettone can run ?25 a pop at Roman bakeries; in the Vatican supermarket, a high-end brand runs almost half that.

"The Nutella is just better here," said Maria Grazia Mancini, a Rome municipal worker who was doing a major pre-Christmas shop with her father, a Vatican employee. "The products here are for export ? the same brands but for export, so it's better quality."

While Sciacca is only too pleased to see the Vatican saving money where it can be saved and making it where it can be made, he was adamant that there are no plans to expand the customer base of the Vatican's little-known discount stores. Accords with Italy don't allow it.

"We shouldn't. And we can't," he said.

He spoke on the sidelines of the presentation of the Vatican's 2012 nativity scene, being unveiled Monday night and donated for the first time. The Vatican happily accepted the donated creche from the Italian region of Basilicata after its ?550,000 Christmas setup in 2009 was exposed earlier this year during the scandal over leaked Vatican documents.

___

Follow Nicole Winfield at www.twitter.com/nwinfield

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-12-23-Vatican-Christmas%20Shopping/id-fe6653268ab74470abfe6917dae50458

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Elite Navy SEAL dies in rescue mission to save US doctor in Afghanistan (+video)

A member of the elite Navy SEAL Team Six was killed on Sunday during a mission that rescued an American doctor from kidnappers in Afghanistan, highlighting the fragile security situation there.?

By Jenna Fisher,?Staff writer / December 10, 2012

The Pentagon says a Navy SEAL from Monroeville, Pa., was killed during a rescue mission in Afghanistan that freed an American doctor abducted by the Taliban.

? A news roundup

Skip to next paragraph Jenna Fisher

Asia editor

Jenna Fisher is the Monitor's Asia editor, overseeing regional coverage for CSMonitor.com and the weekly magazine.

Recent posts

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A United States special operations member was killed during a weekend rescue mission in Afghanistan that freed an American doctor, raising questions about the safety of aid workers in the region as it prepares for a drawdown of US combat troops by 2014.

Dr. Dilip Joseph, a US citizen, and two others who work for a faith-based nonprofit organization, were captured by Taliban on Dec. 5 while they were returning from a rural health clinic outside the capital, Kabul.?

The early Sunday raid that successfully rescued Dr. Joseph, a three-year employee of the Morning Star Development, an organization in?Colorado Springs, Colo., came after 3-1/2 days of negotiations that reportedly included demands for a $100,000 ransom, according to the Colorado Springs' Gazette?newspaper.

The rescue highlights the fact that, despite international efforts to control violence, kidnappings for ransom are still a?frequent and lucrative business in the area, Foreign policy reports.?

Much of the threat is simply criminal. There is a burgeoning kidnapping industry in Afghanistan, part of the conflict economy that has been fed by tens of billions of dollars the international forces and community have pumped into the country since 2001. Most kidnappings end either in the payment of a ransom or the death of the hostage, and ransoms for foreigners can approach half a million dollars ? though it's wealthy Afghans who are most often the victims.??

Joesph and the other two local Morning Star Development staff members were kidnapped on Dec. 5 by a group of armed men while returning from a visit to one of the organization?s rural medical clinics in eastern Kabul Province. They were eventually taken to a mountainous area about 50 miles from the Pakistani border.?

It was not clear who was behind the kidnapping. Although US sources told NPR that?seven members of the?Taliban?were killed?in the raid, some Afghans believe the kidnappers were smugglers, according to CNN.

According to Morning Star Development?s website, negotiations began almost immediately and led to the release of two other employees on Saturday. About 11 hours later, after intelligence reports indicated the situation was life-threatening,?the special forces team moved in.

According to Fox News, the special forces member who was killed was part of the Navy SEAL Team Six ? the same special operations group used for the raid on Osama bin Laden's compound in Pakistan, though?it's unknown if he took part in that raid last year.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/csmonitor/globalnews/~3/oo3ycJMwWlQ/Elite-Navy-SEAL-dies-in-rescue-mission-to-save-US-doctor-in-Afghanistan-video

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Saturday, December 22, 2012

Mark Zuckerberg Is The Voice Behind The ?Poke? Notification Sound And Wrote Code For The App

Mark Zukerberg PokeMark Zuckerberg invented Poking, one of Facebook's earliest features, so it's fitting he was part of the small team that built the new Poke app over the last 12 days. Sources say Zuckerberg actually wrote code for Poke despite saying he rarely programs for Facebook anymore. And that voice that blurts out "Poke" when you get a push notification about a new Poke message? That's Zuck, too.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/Ds1tDIOJpgk/

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Poison for cancer cells

Friday, December 21, 2012

In their quest for new agents, pharmaceutical researchers test millions of substances all over the world. They like using color-forming reactions to identify new molecules. However, in intensively colored solutions or in the case of mixtures with multiple substances these tests fail. As part of his doctoral thesis, Martin Stein, member of staff at the Chair of Biochemistry at the Technische Universitaet Muenchen, developed a testing reaction based on magnetic resonance data. It helps find a specific pharmaceutical molecule among hundreds of different substances even in the most turbid of bacterial brews.

As a test reaction, the research team used the decomposition of a short amino acid chain caused by the proteasome. Similar to a recycling facility this vitally important cell protein breaks down superfluous proteins into small pieces. To follow the reaction, they integrated a special carbon atom into the chain: it has one neuron more than normal carbon and its magnetic resonance signal is sensitive to a scission of the chain. Under normal circumstances, the proteasome will decompose the amino acid chain, effecting a change in the signal from the carbon-13 atom. If it does not react, the solution must contain a substance that inhibits the work of the proteasome.

Cancer cells suffocating in garbage

The pharmaceutical industry is always on the lookout for precisely such substances to deploy them against threads like cancer. In the case of cancer, for example, when the proteasome is blocked, rapidly growing cancer cells choke on their own waste. The first medication of this kind is already generating annual revenues of over one billion US dollars. The scientists are now looking for further substances with lesser side effects.

Following preliminary studies, one such candidate was a toxic substance produced by the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. This is the poison that kills the larvae of the garden chafer. Using his new methodology, the scientists discovered that the bacterium lives inactively in the intestines of the threadworm. When it lays its eggs, the worm infects the larvae. The sudden change in environment causes the bacterium to emit toxins. After the larva dies, the bacterium ceases to produce toxins. Once the threadworms hatch from the protective egg membrane, they ingest the inactive bacterium into their intestines, and the cycle can start again.

Since the newly developed method also works in intensively colored solutions and in the presence of hundreds of other substances, the workgroup at the Chair of Biochemistry succeeded in isolating the unknown poison directly from the bacterial brew: It turned out to be two structurally very similar compounds, cepafungin I and glidobactin A. The latter was previously considered the strongest proteasome blocker. In spite of the resemblance, cepafungin I had never been tested as a proteasome blocking agent. The tests of the research group showed that Cepafungin I is indeed a strong Proteasomhemmer. In effect, it even surpasses the previous record holder.

Production by bacteria

The production of elaborate pharmaceutical substances via bacteria is the silver bullet in pharmaceutical production. However, there is one catch: Just like with the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens, the sought-after natural substances are produced in significant amounts during only one phase of the bacterial life cycle. But here, too, the new method has a decisive advantage: "A measurement cycle takes approximately 15 minutes, which means almost 100 samples can be analyzed per day," says Martin Stein. "This allows us to determine very quickly the circumstances under which the bacterium will yield an optimal amount of the active agent".

The bacterium Pseudomonas syringae also counts on the deadly effect of its proteasome inhibitor. When the bacterium attacks a bean plant, its leaves turn brown and die. This is caused by the substance syringolin A, which has a basic structure very similar to that of cepafungin I and glidobactin A. It inhibits the proteasome of the plant cell and thus blocks the plant's defense against the brown spot disease.

"We gained an important insight from these tests," says Prof. Michael Groll, head of the research team. "Nature has already optimized the basic structure of these substances to inhibit the proteasome. It works in plants as well as in insects and even in people. If we center our research into new agents on these natural substances, we could save valuable time in medication development."

###

One-shot NMR analysis of microbial secretions identifies highly potent proteasome inhibitor; Martin L. Stein, Philipp Beck, Markus Kaiser, Robert Dudler, Christian F. W. Becker and Michael Groll, PNAS, Vol. 109, 45, 18367-71

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1211423109 ? http://www.pnas.org/content/109/45/18367

Technische Universitaet Muenchen: http://www.tum.de

Thanks to Technische Universitaet Muenchen for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 29 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126053/Poison_for_cancer_cells

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Friday, December 21, 2012

Physicists take photonic topological insulators to the next level

Dec. 21, 2012 ? Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have designed a simulation that for the first time emulates key properties of electronic topological insulators.

Their simulation, which was described this week in Nature Materials, is part of a rapidly moving scientific race to understand and exploit the potential of topological insulators, which are a state of matter that was only discovered in the past decade. These insulators may enable dramatic advances in quantum computing and spintronics.

"The discovery of these materials, which are insulators in their volume while capable of conducting current on their surface, was a bit of a surprise to the condensed matter community," said Gennady Shvets, professor of physics in the College of Natural Sciences. "Before that, we classified solid materials into three categories, based on their ability to conduct electric current: insulators, conductors, and semiconductors. Topological insulators fall somewhere in between."

Shvets co-authored the article with his physics department colleagues Alexander Khanikaev, S. Hossein Mousavi, Wang-Kong Tse, Mehdi Kargarian, and Professor Allan MacDonald.

He said that what's particularly exciting about topological insulators is that they can conduct electrons -- or in the case of photonic ones, photons -- in a way that protects them from scattering or reflecting when they encounter obstacles.

"Usually when photons run into an obstacle, they reflect," said Shvets. "We are basically designing interfaces in such a way that they lock photons into one spin state. So in one direction they're in one spin state, and when they're going in another direction they're locked into another spin state. In that configuration they cannot reflect without changing their spin, which is forbidden by the design of the photonic crystal. They flow around defects and can be routed along arbitrarily shaped paths defined by the interface."

If this property could be achieved with electrons it would be particularly relevant to quantum computers, which are likely to require their electrons to maintain coherence for a much longer time than digital computers.

Over the past decade scientists have had modest success making or finding electronic topological insulators. But these substances are limited both in what they can do and in what they can reveal about the potential of this new state of matter.

"Those systems are very difficult to study systematically, because when you have a real material it is what it is. You're limited to studying its properties," said Shvets. "Nature doesn't give you the knobs to increase or decrease various aspects of it, so it's very difficult to benchmark the existing theories against what's observed."

Shvets and his physics department colleagues expect that their simulated photonic insulator will be a much more powerful and flexible tool for studying the general properties of topological insulators.

"With these purely artificial photonic crystals, we can study these systems in a more systematic way," he said.

In order for their insights from the photonic system to be applicable to electronic systems, Shvets and his colleagues had to make their simulated photons behave sufficiently like electrons. To do that, they designed simulated "metamaterials." These are artificial electromagnetic materials that can be tuned to influence photons in ways that are otherwise impossible. Other metamaterials are being used to develop invisibility cloaks.

Shvets and his colleagues designed what they've called SPINDOMs (spin-degenerate optically-active metamaterials). When arranged periodically, the resulting meta-crystals are the first demonstration that it's possible to control the spin of photons in a way that emulates what can be done with electrons.

This is significant on a few fronts. Even as a computer simulation it allows researchers to explore the properties of topological insulators. When these photonic topological insulators are physically built, as Shvets and his colleagues hope will be done soon, they'll allow more exploration. And there's great promise that such insulators may eventually be used to reduce interference in wireless communications systems.

"Right now if you put multiple emitting or receiving antennas in close proximity to each other, whether on a semiconductor chip or on top of a cellular base station, the radiation from each antenna is affected by the others," he said. "To deal with this you have to design around it. What would be better is if all cross talk between emitting/receiving sources could just be eliminated. That's what we believe could be done by photonic topological insulators, which can directionally guide electromagnetic waves."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Texas at Austin, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Alexander B. Khanikaev, S. Hossein Mousavi, Wang-Kong Tse, Mehdi Kargarian, Allan H. MacDonald, Gennady Shvets. Photonic topological insulators. Nature Materials, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/nmat3520

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/computers_math/information_technology/~3/pW10BafKv7k/121221123508.htm

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Media Center Remote for Windows 8 controls 7MC PCs, Extenders via WiFi

Media Center Remote for Windows 8 lets you control Windows 7 MC PCs, Extenders via WiFi

Microsoft hasn't provided much in the way of Media Center enhancements as a part of its upgrade to Windows 8, but this app lets those PCs, tablets and everything in between control Windows 7 Media Center computers and extenders. Coming from the developer of the Kinect for Media Center app we saw earlier this year, Media Center Remote for Windows 8 is compatible with ARM / Windows RT devices and can control playback, as well as browse libraries of music, pictures and videos. It's all done in the Windows 8 UI style, of course, so how much you love the look will apply here. It's not free, with a pricetag of $4.99 (also requires the installation of a free command listener app on your Media Center PC) and at the moment will only control PCs running Windows 7, although a backend update that will enable support for WMC on Windows 8 is on the way.

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Source: Media Center Remote for Windows 8, Windows Store

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/cepM7t3K4IA/

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